SS Police State United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

An emergency decree following the burning of the Reichstag (German Parliament) in February 1933 granted the police almost unlimited power of arrest. This power meant the police could arrest and imprison potential opponents of the regime without a trial or judicial proceedings.

In the months after Hitler took power, the SA and Gestapo agents went from door to door looking for Hitler’s enemies. Socialists, Communists, trade union leaders, and others who had spoken out against the Nazi Party were arrested, and some were killed. By the middle of 1933, the Nazi Party was the only political party, and nearly all organized opposition to the regime had been eliminated. Democracy was dead in Germany.

Many different groups, including the SA and SS, set up hundreds of makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations all over Germany where they held political opponents without trial and under conditions of great cruelty. One of these camps was set up on March 20, 1933, at Dachau, in an abandoned munitions factory from World War I. Located near Munich in southwestern Germany, Dachau would become the “model” concentration camp for a vast system of SS camps.